PolyPropylene Glycol

Polypropylene Glycol, Polyglycol P-4000 is a linear polymer produced by controlled, catalysed reaction between propylene oxide and water. The letter P and the number 4000 indicate that the polymer is propylene oxide based and that the approximate average molecular weight is 4000.

PPG P-4000, as this product is also known, is a clear, viscous liquid at room temperature. It has a higher pour point and unlike the lower molecular weight PPGs, is partially soluble in water at 77F (25C). It loses its water solubility at higher temperatures.

Like all polypropylene glycols, Polyglycol P-4000 is soluble in all proportions with any organic solids and liquids, the main exception being long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. Polyglycol P-4000 possesses excellent lubricity and has a low vapor pressure. Underextreme heating conditions it does not form coke nor does it form a varnish. Decomposition products are low boiling products that are either lost as volatiles or soluble in the polypropylene glycol.

Homemade E-Juice Recipe

E-juice is used to produce the vapor in e-cigarettes that mimic the feel of a real cigarette. With the popularity of e-cigarettes nowadays, e-juices are in demand as well. Marketed under a variety of names like e-liquids and nicotine solutions, they are sold as separate products with a variety of flavors.

Ingredients can vary, but their common components include water and flavorings in a propylene glycol or glycerin base. Nicotine can also be added as replacement for the real cigar. E-juice is relatively easy to make and can be done at home. With lots of flavors available commercially, customizing your own blend is now possible.

A word of precaution: if you decide to add nicotine solution to your blend, handle the substance with extreme care. Wear protective gown and cover your hands with latex before starting. Nicotine is a poisonous substance and can get absorbed in your skin. Absorption in large amounts can be fatal as well. Make sure to use only propylene glycol USP because it is the only grade allowable for human consumption. Distilled water is also recommended as other types of water will tend to clog the atomizer. Have fun!

Nicotine-Free E-Juice

Ingredients:                                                 Percent Weight:

Propylene glycol USP                              70.00

Distilled water                                       15.00

Flavoring (sugarless)                              15.00

E-Juice with Nicotine

Ingredients:                                                  Percent Weight:

Propylene glycol USP                               60.00

Distilled water                                        10.00

Flavoring (sugarless)                               10.00

Nicotine solution, commercial grade           20.00

Procedure:

Mix all the ingredients in a glass bowl or beaker. Stir well. Pour in a sterilized bottle. For winter batches, use less water, as vapor is less visible during the colder season.

Reference: http://www.goelectroniccigarettereview.com/homemade-e-juice-recipe

Grape Seed Hair Rinse

When your hair is damaged by different elements, its time bring back its vitality using a hair rinse. Its formulation is lighter than a shampoo but it effectively removes build-up as well. This cleanser in particular contains different nutrients that boost your scalp while still washing away dirt. Use it regularly to bring back the natural shine and body to your hair.

Ingredients:                                        Weight (%):

Phase A

Chremophor® A 6                                 1.5%

(ceteareth-6 and stearyl)
alcohol

Chremophor® (ceteareth-25)                  1.5%

Cetearyl alcohol                                      6%

Luvitol®EHO                                          6%

(cetearyl ethylhexanoate)

Grape seed (Vitis vinifera) oil                 0.5%

Phase B

Luviquat® Mono                                     5%
(cocotrimonium methosulfate)

Propylene glycol                                     2%

Phenoxyethanol/SA                               1.5%

Deionized water                                    75%

Phase C

Fragrance                                              q.s.

Procedure:

Combine ingredients of both phases A and B in separate bowls. Heat them in separate water baths at about 80°C. Combine both and stir until smooth. When mixture cools to about 40°C, add all phase C ingredients. Stir again until mixture is homogenous. Pour into sterilized plastic bottles.

via: http://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/haircare/10007151.html

Herbal Deodorant Roll-On Recipe

Here is an interesting homemade underarm roll-on recipe from MakingCosmetics.com Inc (http://www.makingcosmetics.com/). This is a gel-type deodorant with soothing aloe vera, extracts from witch hazel and sage leaf, and fragrance oils for a clean and green scent. Propylene glycol serves as humectant and moisturizer as well.

Ingredients:

Phase A                           Weight (in %)                         For 100 gm./3.6 oz

Triglyceride (emollient)    5%                                          5 gm./0.2 oz.

Sodium acrylate              2%                                          2 gm./0.1 oz.
(thickener, emulsifier)

Cyclodimethicone            2%                                          2 gm./0.1 oz.
(emollient)


Phase B


Distilled Water              72%                                          72 g./2.6 oz.
(diluent)

Witch hazel extract        10%                                          10 g./0.4 oz.
(soothing agent)

Aloe vera 10x concentrate 1%                                           1 g./1/4 tsp.
(soothing agent)

Propylene glycol              4%                                             4 g./0.1 oz.
(humectant)

Phase C

Sage leaf extract             1%                                             1 g./0.04 oz.
(antibacterial)

Grapefruit seed extract     1%                                             1 g./0.04 oz.

Phenoxyethanol or           1%                                             1 g./0.04 oz.
sorbic acid

Fragrance oil                   1%                                             1 g./0.04 oz.

Method:

Mix all ingredients of phase A in a disinfected beaker and do the same for the ingredients of phase B in a separate beaker. Then add phase A mixture to phase B and stir well with a hand mixer. Then add the remaining ingredients of phase C while stirring continuously until all ingredients are blended well. Pour into roll-on deodorant containers.

Propylene Glycol Hazards and First Aid Treatment

Propylene glycol, similar to glycerin in physical characteristics, is deemed as safe by the US FDA for food and cosmetic use. Misuse of the substance however, can cause potential harm to consumers and workers especially in industrial settings. It is very important to take note on the proper handling of product to avoid health hazards and the correct first aid treatment in case of an accident.

Ingestion of Large Amounts

Consuming small amounts of propylene glycol poses no substantial risks, but intake of greater than 3-4 oz. (or approximately 100 ml.) can cause symptoms of nausea, extreme gastric pain, or even vomiting. In case of large ingestion by the victim, DO NOT induce vomiting, but should rather call the local poison control center to get proper guidance on how to alleviate the problem.

Breathing Problems

Propylene glycol’s flash point is around 107°C (225°F). This is the crucial temperature in which substance will be converted from liquid to gas at regular atmospheric pressure. Propylene glycol does not usually cause problems in well-ventilated areas but can cause breathing difficulties otherwise. In cases of breathing problems caused by inhalation, victims should be transferred immediately outside or at areas with fresh, circulating air. Oxygen may also be supplemented.

Skin Exposure

Mild skin irritation may be experienced by subjects who were exposed with the chemical. Remove any clothing on which propylene glycol has been spilled and wash skin areas that were exposed with soap and water. This will usually relieve the irritation. If exposed areas develop rashes, apply an antibacterial cream to provide remedy.

Eye Exposure

Liquid and vaporized propylene glycol can cause mild eye irritation as well. Wash eyes with cold, running water to soothe from redness and pain. Victims should also remove and clean contact lenses.

Ignitability

At a very high temperature, propylene glycol can ignite at around 371°C (700°F). Fire should be extinguished with a water fog, water spray, dry fire-suppression, or foam.

Propylene Glycol's General Information

Propylene glycol, or propane-1,2-diol in IUPAC nomenclature, is an organic double alcohol. It has a chemical formula of C₃H₈O₂ and a CAS number of 57-55-6. It is a thick, clear, and nearly odorless substance with a faintly sweet taste. Propylene glycol is similar in characteristics with glycerin - hygroscopic, soluble with water, acetone, and chloroform.

Manufacture

Propylene glycol is usually sourced from propylene oxide. Production is more or less similar with glycerin, using either catalytic (150°-180°C) or non-catalytic high-temperature process (200°-220°C). the process is manufactured using ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali. Final products include 20% propylene glycol, 1.5% dipropylene glycol, and other polypropylene glycols. Glycerol can be converted from propylene glycol as well.

Usage

Propylene glycol serves as humectant and preservative for various food products. It is mixed in snacks, pastries, soda drinks, and ice cream. It serves as cooling agent for alcoholic beverages and further extends freezing time for food. Likewise, propylene glycol is used as a solvent for different medical preparations like oral, injectable, and topical formulations. As a humectant, it is labeled as E1520. Sunscreens, shampoos, make-ups, creams, deodorants, and other toiletry items contain this versatile alcohol as well. Its hygroscopic property makes it a suitable moisturizer for toothpaste, mouth wash, and cigarettes. Propylene glycol serves as a carrier for perfume oils and soap bases. 

Industrially, propylene glycol is used as antifreeze for water systems and heaters because it is less toxic. Moreover, it is added to other household items like furniture polish and glass cleaners. Photographic chemicals use propylene glycol as a solvent.

Propylene glycol

Chemicals Direct purchases USP Propylene Glycol which can be used directly in food and medicine. If your application does not require USP, our pure 99.9% propylene glycol is perfect for your application. Glycol is commonly used as a safe to use antifreeze. Glycol is very soluble in water, just dilute to your required freeze protection. These are two main type of propylene glycol, Technical Grade and USP Grade.

Labeling a product or a substance as USP implies that it conforms to all the legal requirements of the FDA and that it was produced in accordance with the principles outlined in FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Many other nations also have compiled an official national pharmacopeia, similar in scope and content to the USP. Currently, there is a collaborative international program to harmonize the glycerin monographs in the USP and in the European Pharmacopeia.

Propylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, and a viscous liquid that is derived from natural gas and the bio diesel market. Glycol is completely safe when used properly. USP Propylene Glycol is used in food flavorings, cake mixes, salad dressings, popcorn, soft drinks, popcorn, ice cream and sour cream. It also protects food from freezing and helps as a preservative. Applications include: toiletries, lotions, creams, baby wipes, shampoos, lubricants, antiperspirants, cosmetics, lipstick, cleaners, room deodorizers, sanitizers and non-toxic antifreezes, soap making and as a carrier in fragrance oils.