Propylene glycol, similar to glycerin in physical characteristics, is deemed as safe by the US FDA for food and cosmetic use. Misuse of the substance however, can cause potential harm to consumers and workers especially in industrial settings. It is very important to take note on the proper handling of product to avoid health hazards and the correct first aid treatment in case of an accident.
Ingestion of Large Amounts
Consuming small amounts of propylene glycol poses no substantial risks, but intake of greater than 3-4 oz. (or approximately 100 ml.) can cause symptoms of nausea, extreme gastric pain, or even vomiting. In case of large ingestion by the victim, DO NOT induce vomiting, but should rather call the local poison control center to get proper guidance on how to alleviate the problem.
Breathing Problems
Propylene glycol’s flash point is around 107°C (225°F). This is the crucial temperature in which substance will be converted from liquid to gas at regular atmospheric pressure. Propylene glycol does not usually cause problems in well-ventilated areas but can cause breathing difficulties otherwise. In cases of breathing problems caused by inhalation, victims should be transferred immediately outside or at areas with fresh, circulating air. Oxygen may also be supplemented.
Skin Exposure
Mild skin irritation may be experienced by subjects who were exposed with the chemical. Remove any clothing on which propylene glycol has been spilled and wash skin areas that were exposed with soap and water. This will usually relieve the irritation. If exposed areas develop rashes, apply an antibacterial cream to provide remedy.
Eye Exposure
Liquid and vaporized propylene glycol can cause mild eye irritation as well. Wash eyes with cold, running water to soothe from redness and pain. Victims should also remove and clean contact lenses.
Ignitability
At a very high temperature, propylene glycol can ignite at around 371°C (700°F). Fire should be extinguished with a water fog, water spray, dry fire-suppression, or foam.
